ꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯌꯦꯚꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯟꯕꯔꯒ

ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ

1866ꯗ ꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯌꯦꯚꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅ 1 ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗ ꯄꯥꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯥꯄꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ 1863 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1865ꯗ ꯖꯔꯃꯅꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯕꯟꯙꯛ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯔ ꯑꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤꯅꯥꯕꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 4 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 29 ꯑꯣꯛꯇꯣꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ The Gambler ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯥꯟꯅꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ 1871 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯖꯨꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯅꯕꯔꯒ

ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯤꯁꯕꯥꯗꯦꯟ, ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯗꯦꯟ-ꯕꯥꯗꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯕꯅꯤ: ꯀꯨꯔꯍꯥꯎꯁ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯅꯦꯗ, ꯏꯕꯨꯗꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯇꯇ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯔꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯦꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯀꯧꯔꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯅꯣꯠꯕꯨꯛꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯂꯤꯕ “ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ”, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯩ; ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯏꯕꯨꯗꯧ

ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯤꯟ: ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯕꯨꯗꯧ ꯑꯟꯇꯣꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯦꯚꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯥꯟ ꯆꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯇꯦꯅꯕꯔꯒꯇ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ, 35 ꯗ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯇꯥꯕꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯒꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ 1/37ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯦꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ

ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯦꯏꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ, ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ꯫ ꯃꯤꯀꯨꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ: ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯈꯉꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯅꯣ

ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯦ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯅꯤꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯚꯦꯌꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯇ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯝꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯣꯛꯀꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯌꯦꯚꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯎꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤ; ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯂꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ