ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ
“ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ 80% ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫” ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37 ꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ
ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ: ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ: ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯚꯤꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯁꯥꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯂꯥꯛ ꯐꯕ ꯍꯞꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦꯗꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯅꯤ; ꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯅꯣ, ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ
ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯁꯤꯡꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ EV = ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37 ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ EV = ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯁꯨ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ EV = ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯜꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ −1/37꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ (ꯗꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯜꯃꯣꯁꯅ 1930 ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯚ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ; ꯊꯣꯔꯞ 1969 ꯅ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯈꯉꯒꯗꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯅꯤ: ꯊꯣꯔꯄꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯗ $1,000 ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ 90, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ 9, ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ 18/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ −1/37 ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯎꯕꯒꯦ
ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ꯫ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ $500 ꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯗ $10 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100 ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯨꯞꯅ 80% ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯔ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯔꯥꯅ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯨꯟꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯦ; ꯃꯥꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯦ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯂꯥꯛ ꯐꯗꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ
ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯗꯀꯤ, ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 10,000 ꯆꯦꯛꯀꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯇꯦꯕꯜꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤ −2.70% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯅꯤ; ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯂꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ
1997 ꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯛ ꯀꯦꯔꯣ (Mike Caro)ꯅ ꯅꯥꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯁꯅ 2001 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 30 ꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ 11 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯋꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ 14 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ 0, 28, 9, 26, 30 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2 ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛꯅꯤ; 30 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯌꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ
ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯣꯟꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜꯃꯦꯟ (2024) ꯅ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ 5.26% ꯆꯪꯏ; ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ
ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯒꯦ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯒꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯈꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ 2.70% ꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯝꯕ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯥꯌꯣꯜꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯍꯞꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯨꯞꯅ 25 ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ 80% ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫
ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯅ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯕ; ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫
ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯂꯦꯕꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯛꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯈꯔꯕꯨ 1/37 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯦ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫
ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ
ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯃꯥꯏꯛ ꯀꯦꯔꯣ (Mike Caro) ꯅ 1997 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯥꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →; ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ; ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 30; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 11 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯘꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯏꯟꯅ 14 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ, ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ, ꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯕꯗ 1 ꯗꯒꯤ 36 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯃꯏ꯫
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯂꯩꯇꯔꯕꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯖꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ (12, 14, 16, 18, 30, 32, 34, 36) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ (11, 13, 15, 17, 29, 31, 33, 35) ꯊꯃꯏ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯇꯔꯨꯛ꯫ 30 ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯕꯗ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ ꯊꯃꯏ꯫
ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ 11 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯘꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯏꯟꯅ 14 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 38 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ 32 ꯀꯨꯞꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ 0, 28, 9, 26, 30 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2 ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯔꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯗꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯝꯕꯥ꯫
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯕꯦꯠꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ/ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18, 1:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ), ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯦ, ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯣ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗ 55 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ, ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ 1.83%, ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 63 ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 6.42 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 0.17 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: 2.70%, ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ꯫
ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ 19/37 ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯅ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ: (19/37)⁶ = 0.0183, ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗ 55 ꯗ 1, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 63 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ +1 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ: 1 × (1 − 0.0183) − 63 × 0.0183 = 1 − 64 × 0.0183 = −0.17 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ꯫
ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ, ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕ: 1 + 2 × (19/37) + 4 × (19/37)² + … + 32 × (19/37)⁵ = ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 6.42꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ −0.17/6.42 = −2.70%꯫
ꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯞꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯥꯡꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ꯫ ꯕꯣꯂꯃꯦꯟ (2024) ꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ 2.1% ꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯅ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ
ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Thorp, E. O. The Mathematics of Gambling.
- Doob, J. L. “Note on probability.”
- Halmos, P. R. “Invariants of certain stochastic transformations: the mathematical theory of gambling systems.”
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed.