ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯖꯤꯡ

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯍꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ

ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯀꯂꯝꯒꯤꯕꯦꯠꯀꯂꯝꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ: ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 26 ꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯗꯖꯟꯕꯦꯠꯗꯖꯟ1–12, 13–24 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 25–36, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ, ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯚꯦꯌꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯚꯦꯌꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯇ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯝꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ; ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯕ; ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ

ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯁꯤꯡꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37 ꯅꯤ; ꯀꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37 ꯅꯤ; ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ −1/37 ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯩ 37 ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ (ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯇꯕ) EV ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ꯫ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ; ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ −2.70%, ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ꯫

ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯕꯣꯍꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥ (1959)

1959 ꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯖꯤꯟ Bohemia ꯅ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔꯅꯤꯅ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ: ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯀꯂꯝꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯈꯛ ꯂꯩ (6, 15, 24, 33)꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 38 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 4 ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯀꯈꯤ; ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯕꯗ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯅ 4 ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯀꯂꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ, +3; ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯏ, +1; ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯏ, 0; ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯏ, −2꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ 12 + 8 + 0 − 22 = ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ −2 ꯑꯣꯏ, 74 ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗ, 2.70%, ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯨꯝꯅ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯗꯒꯤ 26 ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯎꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜꯃꯦꯟ (2024) ꯅ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ-ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 3 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯝꯗ 2, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ

ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯗꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯅ ꯆꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ “ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ”꯫ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ, 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 0% ꯗꯒꯤ 100% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ: 1/37 = 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯦ; ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯣꯝꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ

ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜꯃꯦꯟ (2021) ꯅ ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯕ: ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ 2, 0, 28, 9, 26, 30, 11, 7 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ, 1, 00, 27, 10, 25, 29, 12, 8꯫ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯏ: ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯇ (0, 00, 1, 2, 3), ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ, 5:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 7–12 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ 25–30 ꯗ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 17 ꯅꯤ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 3, ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ 0, 00, 1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2 ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ 5.26% ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ 7.89% ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 3 ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ −7/38 ꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, 6.14%꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 5.26% ꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯀꯚꯔ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ

ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ: ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯈꯉꯂꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ꯫ ꯖꯦꯃꯁ ꯕꯣꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯖꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦꯗ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯚꯔ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ “ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯦꯝꯐꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯅ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯃꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ