ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ

ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ

ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ, 1/37 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯆꯛꯔꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯃꯔꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯤꯕ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ, ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ꯫ ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯖꯦꯒꯔꯅ 1880 ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯗ ꯖꯥꯔꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯅ 1960 ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯔꯦꯃꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯅ 1990 ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯧꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯆꯛꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000 ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2004 ꯗ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯧꯜꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯧꯜꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯟ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯎꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯀꯣꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯍꯦꯗꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ꯫

ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯖꯦꯒꯔ: ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔꯗ ꯖꯥꯔꯦꯀꯤ: ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯒꯣꯟꯖꯥꯂꯣ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ: ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ

ꯂꯥꯏꯃꯥꯏ ꯁꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ

ꯊꯣꯔꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯅꯟꯒꯤ 1961 ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯇꯥꯏꯄꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯗꯦꯃꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯠꯂꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯎꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2000 ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯟ-ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ: ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯐꯦꯖꯇ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯇꯔꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯔꯣꯇꯔꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ, ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯟꯕ, ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ꯫ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯐꯕꯗ ꯄꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯈꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯊꯕꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ, ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅꯤ: ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯖꯨꯔꯤꯁꯗꯤꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯎꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯌꯨꯗꯦꯃꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ

ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯅꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯗ ꯆꯦꯠꯁꯤꯟꯍꯟꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ: ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥꯒꯤ 19 ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯄ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯀꯅꯥꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯀꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯐꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯦꯆꯔ

ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ

ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ; ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁꯇ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯂꯥꯏꯕꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ, ꯒꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯚꯔꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ

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