ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯅꯤꯌꯝꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 1.35% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →: ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯅꯤꯌꯝꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯅ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →: ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ, ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕꯗ EV = −1/74 ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯗ ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯄꯤ; ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, 1.39%꯫ ꯗꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯗꯖꯟ1–12, 13–24 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 25–36, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯀꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯀꯂꯝꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ, ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔ, ꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2.70%ꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟ

ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯛ/ꯄꯥꯁ, ꯄꯦꯌꯔ/ꯑꯦꯝꯄꯦꯌꯔ, ꯔꯨꯖ/ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡ P12, M12, D12 ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ, ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ; ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯀꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ: ꯗꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯇꯦꯕꯜꯀꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯅ ꯊꯝꯗꯅ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯗ ꯂꯥꯑꯣꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯚꯣꯌꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯤꯌꯦꯌꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: “ꯂꯥꯑꯣꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ”꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → (ꯚꯣꯌꯥꯖꯦꯟ, ꯇꯤꯌꯦꯌꯔ, ꯑꯣꯔꯐꯦꯂꯦꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ · ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯑꯣꯔꯐꯦꯂꯦꯟ“ꯃꯆꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ”: ꯚꯣꯌꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯌꯦꯌꯔꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ: 17, 34, 6 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1, 20, 14, 31, 9꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →) ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯗ ꯂꯥꯑꯣꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯀꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫

ꯑꯣꯔꯐꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ

ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ: (18/37)(+1) + (18/37)(−1) + (1/37)(−½) = −1/74 ≈ −1.35%꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $10 ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ $27.03ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ $13.51 ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ

ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ “ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯃꯈꯜꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 1.35% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯜꯂꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯏꯅꯐꯣ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟꯗ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯅ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯩ

ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ꯫ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯕ; ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯂꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ