ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣ

1850ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯀꯣꯟꯎꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯖꯨꯌꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯛꯂꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯁ IIꯅ 1856ꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ; ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯕꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯍꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯣꯌꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯡꯅ 1863ꯗ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ, Société des Bains de Mer ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ, ꯅꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯜꯋꯦꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ 1869ꯗ ꯏꯅꯀꯝ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫

ꯕꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯡꯅ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯆꯛꯔ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛ ꯅꯩꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗꯅꯤ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ 2.70%ꯗ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯏꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯃꯈꯜꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ 00 ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 2.70% ꯗꯒꯤ 5.26% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯝ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯛ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕ

ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, “ꯕꯦꯡꯛ”꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯐꯤꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ: ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ “ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯦ”꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯁ ꯋꯦꯂꯁꯅ 1891ꯗ ꯑꯉꯀꯄ ꯂꯥꯛ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯛ-ꯍꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯡꯛ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ

ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ

ꯖꯣꯁꯦꯐ ꯖꯦꯒꯔꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯂꯦꯕꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯛꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯈꯔꯕꯨ 1/37 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯦ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → (1880 ꯃꯔꯛ), ꯋꯦꯂꯁ (1891) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ 26 (1913) ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅ 2.70%ꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯣꯟꯈꯤ꯫

ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯆꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯅꯤ, ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ (ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯅꯤꯌꯝꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 1.35% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯅꯤꯌꯝꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯅ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →)꯫ Société des Bains de Mer ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯅꯤ꯫ 1940ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯂꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯟ ꯅꯣꯏꯃꯥꯟꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯣꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ