ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯃꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ

ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯗ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯅ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯦꯕꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ-ꯁꯤꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯆꯛꯔꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯃꯔꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯪꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯅꯤ; ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ

ꯅꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯔꯣꯇꯔꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯔꯣꯇꯔꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯂꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯂꯟꯆ ꯇꯧꯕ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯈꯛꯅꯤ: ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯂꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯟꯆꯀꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ

ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕ

ꯕꯣꯜꯅ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯅꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯅꯨ, ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ, ꯄꯤꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ, ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯀꯣꯅꯗ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯄ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯗ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯆꯣꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯑꯣꯁ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 20 ꯗꯒꯤ 30 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯅꯝꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯃꯤꯅꯝꯕꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯃꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯒꯦ

ꯕꯣꯜ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯜꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯟꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯏꯊꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯄꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ

ꯗꯤꯂꯔ-ꯁꯤꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ: ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗ, ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯂꯟꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯈꯤꯗꯦ; ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯥꯔꯅꯣꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯔ (Arnold Snyder)ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ: ꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯞꯍꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯔꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯈꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ