ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯄꯥꯕ

ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯏꯔꯤ: “ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ $5꯫ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟ $5꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ $500, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → $100꯫” ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯕꯦꯠꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯀꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ: ꯗꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯄꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯕꯦꯠꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ, ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔ, ꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ $500ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯃꯅ $17,500 ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫

ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ

ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 2.70% ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ; ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯑꯣ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ 100ꯗꯒꯤ 500, ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯚꯦꯌꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯚꯦꯌꯔꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯇ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯝꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ꯫ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯣꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ: ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ

ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯗꯕꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ꯫ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯗ ꯊꯨꯡꯏ: $10ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ $500ꯗ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ, $5,000ꯗ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕꯅꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯅꯇꯦꯕꯜꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯖꯅ ꯆꯤꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯠꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯟꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟ

ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ $5ꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯗ $1ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → $1ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯈꯛ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ; ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟ ꯌꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯉꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯅ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯅꯐꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫

ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯅꯕ

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯅ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯨꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ: ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯖꯦꯠꯀꯤ 1–2% ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ $25ꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯍꯅꯕ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯣꯗꯁ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ (ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯃꯈꯜꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ 00 ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 2.70% ꯗꯒꯤ 5.26% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →) $5ꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ: $5 × 5.26% = $0.26, $25 × 2.70% = $0.68ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ × ꯑꯦꯖ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ