ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯖ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯇꯥꯏꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ1 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ 1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯄꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 36ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯊꯣꯏ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯝꯅꯤ): ꯑꯃꯗ 1:1, ꯇꯔꯦꯠꯇ 299:1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ 7.22%꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯖ, UK ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯁꯤꯄꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯇ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯅꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯕꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ꯫ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯃꯔꯤꯗ 5:1ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯔꯤꯗ 2,000:1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ 17.00%꯫ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯦꯠ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ 6, 10, 20 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 30:1 ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖ 4.61%ꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ, 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 0% ꯗꯒꯤ 100% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ: 1/37 = 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯅꯤ: ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯈꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ 2,000:1ꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ 17%ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ

ꯔꯦꯟꯕꯣ: ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ

ꯏꯅꯦꯒꯀꯤ (INAG) ꯔꯦꯟꯕꯣ ꯕꯦꯠꯅ 2015ꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯕꯣꯠ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯣ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗ ꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ: ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ 1–3, ꯄꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ 4–6, ꯄꯥꯔꯄꯜ 10–12, ꯇꯤꯜ 13–15, ꯂꯥꯏꯝ 19–21, ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ 22–24, ꯌꯦꯂꯣ 28–30 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ 31–33, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯔꯣ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯧꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯔꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ: ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯗ, 38ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 3 ꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ “1ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ”ꯅꯤ꯫

ꯇꯆꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯔꯤꯗ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ

ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯅ 2013ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯔꯒꯥꯇꯥꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯇꯆꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯕꯦꯠꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯁꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ, ꯕꯣꯅꯁ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯦꯀꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 0 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 00 ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 38ꯗ 2 ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯇꯤꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯇꯤꯝ ꯂꯧꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯗꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗ ꯆꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯇꯆꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯂꯧꯗꯦ꯫

ꯕꯣꯜ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯦ

ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯇꯆꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯔꯗ 50 ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ: ꯌꯥꯔꯗ 15ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯃꯔꯤ, 15 ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 5 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 10 ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 15 ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 10 ꯑꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ 2,085,136ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ 2,511ꯅꯤ, ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯒꯦꯝ 830ꯗ 1꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯐꯨꯠꯕꯣꯜ ꯌꯥꯔꯗ 6ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯊꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯗꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ 5:1 ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯤꯃꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯒꯦꯃꯗ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 16.29꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ꯫ 38ꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 36 ꯂꯩꯕꯅ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 9.00%꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ 0ꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37ꯗ 35 ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ 4.8%, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯪꯈꯥꯏ꯫

2G’$: 2.77%ꯗꯒꯤ 22.16%ꯗ

ꯁꯤꯖꯔꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯇꯦꯏꯅꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅ 2G’$ ꯑꯁꯤ “ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯤ: ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ 2020ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯀꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯇ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ 350:1 ꯄꯤꯔꯒ꯫ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 38ꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ 361ꯗ 1ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ 350:1ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 2.77% ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯏ꯫ 2025ꯗ, ꯁꯤꯖꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 280:1 ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 22.16%, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ 130:1, 22.49%꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ; ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

2G’$: ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ

2G’$ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯦꯚꯥꯗꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, 270:1ꯗꯒꯤ 350:1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ 10 ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯔꯥꯍꯨꯝꯗꯣꯏ, 1,050:1ꯗꯒꯤ 1,350:1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ 25 ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯗ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ 1,369ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, 1,350:1ꯅꯁꯨ 1.31% ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 2.70%ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯅ 23.23% ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ 25ꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ 1.83 ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ 10ꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ 2.77꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯎꯏ; ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯕꯦꯛ2ꯕꯦꯛ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ

ꯕꯦꯛ2ꯕꯦꯛ, 2019ꯗ ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯁꯇ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ, ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 1,200:1 ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ 38 × 38 = 1,444ꯗ 1, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 16.83%꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ $1 ꯊꯝꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ $36 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯗ ꯆꯠꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ $1,296 ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ, 1,295:1ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 10.25%, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ꯫ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯅ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯠꯇꯅ ꯌꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ 2G’$ꯁꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ 8ꯁ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ

ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ 8ꯁ, ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯞ ꯒꯦꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ, 2017ꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯔꯥꯗꯣꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇ ꯄꯤ: 8, 18 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 28 ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯇ; ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯇ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ; ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ 8ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ; ꯅꯠꯔꯒ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯛꯇ, ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ, 8ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ 0 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 00 ꯊꯣꯀꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫

ꯊꯤꯕꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ

ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯤꯈꯤ: ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯕ, ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯅ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕ, ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ꯫

• ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯆꯗꯥꯎꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯃꯜ 9%꯫
• ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, 2G’$ꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ: 350ꯗꯒꯤ 280:1ꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯠꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯕꯦꯛ2ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯩ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ “ꯗ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ “1ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ” ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ