ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯅꯥꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ
ꯆꯛꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯏꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯈꯉꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ 18ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ꯫
ꯏꯄꯥ-ꯏꯄꯨꯁꯤꯡ
ꯍꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ 1740ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯏ.ꯑꯣ. (“ꯖꯣꯔ-ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ”) ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ E ꯅꯠꯔꯒ O ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯤꯐꯨ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌ 1745ꯗ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯔꯣꯂꯤ-ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ 1750 ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯖꯦꯅꯣꯌꯥꯗ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯇ ꯀꯥꯚꯥꯟꯌꯣꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯈꯉꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 70 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯈꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ; ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 64 ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ (1ꯗ 63), ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 70 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ 6 ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 8.57%꯫ 1760ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯁꯥꯅꯣꯚꯥꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯅꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯅ 1837ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯗꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ 1600ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯍꯣꯀꯥꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯤ꯫
ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯍꯣꯀꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯨꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯂꯨꯏ XIVꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯇ ꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ, ꯈꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯗꯁ꯫
ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯒꯦꯃꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏ.ꯑꯣ. ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ, ꯕꯣꯜ, ꯖꯣꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ꯫ 1745ꯗ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫
ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ 0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 00 ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ (1801)ꯅ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ-ꯔꯣꯌꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ꯫
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ? ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁ, 1796 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗ
1801ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯖꯥꯛ ꯂꯥꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯤ La Roulette, ou le Jour ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯂꯅ 1796ꯗ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ-ꯔꯣꯌꯥꯂꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 1ꯗꯒꯤ 36 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯃꯈꯜꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ 00 ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 2.70% ꯗꯒꯤ 5.26% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯀꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ: ꯗꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯀꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯂꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ-ꯔꯣꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯖꯨꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯀꯥꯏꯅꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯄꯤꯕ, 1837ꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ ꯁꯍꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫
ꯕꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ
ꯃꯤꯡ
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆꯇ “ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔ”ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ: ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯤꯅ (1988) ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤ ꯅꯨꯋꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ 1758ꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯗꯒꯤ “ꯗꯥꯏꯁ, ꯍꯣꯀꯥ, ꯐꯦꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ” ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯅ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗ “roulet” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ “ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯏ.ꯑꯣ.” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯏꯔꯤ꯫ 1820ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗ “ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ” ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫
ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯅꯤ
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ 0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 00 ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 38 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯗ 5.26%ꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ 1843ꯗ ꯕꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒꯇ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕ꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛ ꯅꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯔꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ: ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ 19ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ 0, 00 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 1ꯗꯒꯤ 28 ꯈꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ 1ꯗ 27 ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 12.90%, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯀꯂꯝꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗ 9.68% ꯂꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯀꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ: ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯕ, ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯉꯂꯕ ꯔꯦꯠꯇ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ꯫ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒ, ꯍꯣꯝꯕꯔꯒꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣ, ꯃꯣꯅꯥꯀꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ
ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ, ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡ (36/n − 1), ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯂꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ, ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯅꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯅꯨ, ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ, ꯄꯤꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯄ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯇꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ 19ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯗꯁꯇ ꯁꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ 1650ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
1837 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ-ꯔꯣꯌꯥꯂꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ 1907 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯃꯨꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯍꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ/ꯖꯣꯔ ꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ꯫ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ 19ꯁꯨꯕꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ
ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯤꯅ 70 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 64 ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ: 63 ꯗꯒꯤ 1꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯊꯝꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ 6/70, 8.57% ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ 31 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ 70 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 63 ꯄꯤ; ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ 69 ꯗ 1 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: (63 − 69)/70 = −6/70, 8.57% ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗ, ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ: ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ 70 ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯅ 64 ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯤ꯫
x ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ 70 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ: ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 2x ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ, 68 ꯃꯥꯡꯕ, ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ −1/37꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → (2x − 68)/70꯫ 2x − 68 = −6 ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗ: x = 31꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 32 ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯅꯤ, 64 ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 64/n ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯉꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 64 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 32 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯝꯅ ꯌꯦꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ 36 ꯑꯁꯤ 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 36 ꯅ ꯌꯦꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯕꯤꯔꯤꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 70 ꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯀꯤ 8.57% ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ? ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯛꯄ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ 20⅓ ꯗꯒꯤ 1꯫ 20 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯃꯜ 10% ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ; 21 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗ, 5.71%꯫
ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ n ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 64/n ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯗꯨ 64/3 = 21⅓ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 20⅓ ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫
x ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣ 70 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 3 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 67 ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ: ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ (3x − 67)/70꯫ 20 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯗ: −7/70, 10%꯫ 21 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯗ: −4/70, 5.71%꯫
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯕꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯗ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯍꯥꯟꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯍꯥꯞꯂꯕꯅ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯤ꯫ ꯌꯦꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯨꯟꯊꯔꯥꯇꯔꯨꯛꯅ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯄꯨ ꯈꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯕꯤ꯫
ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯥ 19 ꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯒꯜ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 31 ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ, 1 ꯗꯒꯤ 28 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0, 00 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 27 ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝꯕꯦꯠꯀꯂꯝꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 9.68% ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ “1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ” ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 7, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ 3/31 = 9.68% ꯂꯩ꯫
1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ X ꯄꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ X ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ 31 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 4 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ 31 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 4X ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ: ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ (4X − 31)/31꯫
1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 7 ꯗ ꯃꯗꯨ −3/31, 9.68% ꯅꯤ, ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫ 1 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 8 ꯗ ꯃꯗꯨ +1/31 ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯒꯜ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ (28 − n)/n ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯅꯤ, 31 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ꯫
ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ
ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯆꯛꯔ, ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯃꯤꯡ, ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯅꯤ꯫
ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
- Lablée, J. La Roulette, ou le Jour.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Bollman, M. Mathematics of the Big Four Casino Table Games: Blackjack, Baccarat, Craps, & Roulette.
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.
- Dictionnaire de l’Académie française, 4th ed.