ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯐꯇꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ

ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯔ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ 2010 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗ ꯔꯤꯒꯥꯗ ꯃꯔꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ; ꯃꯥꯜꯇꯥꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ; ꯃꯅꯤꯂꯥꯅ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯈꯤ; ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯈꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯦ

ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →: ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯁꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ 35:1 ꯄꯤꯏ꯫ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯗꯤ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ (ꯃꯅꯤꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯒꯥꯒꯤ “ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ” ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯆꯦꯛꯀꯟꯗ 25–35ꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ; ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ 60 ꯆꯂꯥꯏ), ꯗꯤꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ, ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯇꯦꯕꯜꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯋꯥꯀꯠ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯅꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ

ꯒꯦꯝ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ (ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯗ 50×ꯗꯒꯤ 500× ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ 35ꯗꯒꯤ 29 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯀꯀꯊꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯒꯥꯗ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯖ 2.70%ꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ 2.9% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ “ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯅꯤꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ” ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯒꯦꯝ ꯁꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ: ꯂꯥꯏꯇꯅꯤꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡ

ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯣꯐꯇꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯈꯅꯕ

ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯅ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯣꯐꯇꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ (ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣ) ꯈꯅꯩ; ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯅ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯠ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯞꯄ ꯊꯨꯅꯕ-ꯇꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯂꯣꯕꯤꯅ ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯅꯤꯌꯝꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 1.35% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯁꯍꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯥꯃꯔꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯃꯜꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ