ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ
ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯅ, ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ, ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯏ; ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ = ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ × ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ / 37꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ
ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯦꯜꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → B ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ s ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ s/37 ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯃꯈꯥ s ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯊꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯏ: ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ 37 × B/s ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ s/37 ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯒꯥ B ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯊꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯔꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯏ, ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯅ ꯌꯧꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ꯫ $10 ꯗ $500 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ (B/s = 50) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1,850 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯅꯗ 1,364 ꯂꯩ, ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯡ 27 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ꯫ $50 (B/s = 10) ꯗ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 136, ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯅꯕ꯫
ꯄꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯦ
ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯕ; ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → = ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ × ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ / 37꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 50 ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ $10 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ $13.51, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ $6.76, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ $27 ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ
$500 ꯂꯩꯕ, 50-ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 200) ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯄꯥꯃꯗꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ $25 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯒꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (B/s = 20, ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 394)꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ 200 × $25 / 37 = $135꯫ $135 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯏ: $10 ꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯜ $54 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 200 ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ꯫
- p10 −$500
- p25 −$500
- ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ −$500
- p75 −$50
- p90 +$350
ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ σ ꯑꯁꯤ 5.84, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 1 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯪꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 200 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ B/s 13 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ 56 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯅꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 200 ꯂꯩꯕ $500 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ $9 ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ $500 ꯗꯒꯤ $25 ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ: ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯟꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯇꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯏ꯫
ꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ = ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ × ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ / 37꯫ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯂꯥꯛ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯦꯖꯤꯡ, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯗ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ꯫
ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ
ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯊꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯏꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅ (B/s)² ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯅ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ, 37 × B/s, ꯗ ꯅꯛꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 20 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯗ (B/s)² ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 394, ꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯠꯇꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯗꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯕꯦꯠꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ/ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18, 1:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, 74 × B/s ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫
ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ
ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯗ $500 ꯊꯝꯏ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇ $10, ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯦꯜꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ
ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1,850: ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 50 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 1/37 ꯆꯪꯏ: $10/37, ꯁꯦꯟꯠ 27 ꯈꯔ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 50 ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 1/37 ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 50 ꯃꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 50 × 37 = 1,850 ꯆꯪꯏ꯫
ꯃꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯆꯕꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗꯈꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ 27 ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ: ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1,364 ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯔꯅ 5,000 ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯆꯠꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
Epstein (2013) ꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ z ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ z ꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯅ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 1/19 ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ, $500 ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 950 ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ
ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ × ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ / 37꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
- Feller, W. An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 1.
- Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.