ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ, ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯅ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ, ꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ, ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯛ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯠꯄ, ꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯅꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯅꯨ, ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ, ꯄꯤꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯠ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯖ, ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯔꯤꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯒꯕꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕ ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯕꯧꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕꯒꯦ
ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯂꯣꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯄ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯆꯣꯡꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ; ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯕ ꯅꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗꯤ ꯅꯣꯠꯕꯨꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯍꯟꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ: ꯊꯣꯔꯞꯅ 1969 ꯗ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 0.2 ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗ, ꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ 30% ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ (ꯑꯦꯞꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ, 2013)꯫
ꯀꯔꯤ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ
ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ
ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯔꯣꯇꯔꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯔꯣꯇꯔꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯞꯇꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯊꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ꯫ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯣꯒꯇ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯖꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯒ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ 24 ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫
ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ; ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ; ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯔꯛ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯕꯧꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯕꯔꯥ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
ꯒꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ; ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ; ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ꯫
ꯂꯣꯒꯇ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ
ꯔꯣꯇꯔ (ꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯍꯦꯗꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯍꯨꯏꯜ ꯍꯦꯗꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄ ꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯧꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯧꯜꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯕꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯞꯔꯟ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯎꯒꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯇꯔ ꯀꯣꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯕꯧꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯧꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ (ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯍꯦꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯩ꯫ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 10,000 ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ꯫ ꯖꯦꯒꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯂꯣꯏꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯒꯇ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯂꯦꯕꯀꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ n/37 ꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯏ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯦꯇꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ꯫ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯉꯝꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯡ ꯀꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯊꯣꯛ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯉꯃꯈꯩ ꯍꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ꯫
ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
- Barnhart, R. T. Beating the Wheel.
- UK Gambling Commission. Remote gambling and software technical standards.
- Malta Gaming Authority. Gaming Devices Regulations and technical directives.
- Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed.