ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ · ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ · ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 8

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯊꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ

ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯛꯔꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯅꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ꯫ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →: ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯀꯥꯏ, ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯎꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯇꯦ꯫

ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ
+1 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ
ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ
−1 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ
ꯑꯦꯖ
2.70%
ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ
ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ, 1717–1783

ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ

ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

12345678910ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ
ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ1ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ0ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ0

ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ, ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ

ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯦꯛꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯧꯕꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕꯥ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯅꯦꯠ +1 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯄꯤ: 3 ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤ, 4 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ, ꯅꯦꯠ +1꯫

ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯞꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯏ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ 19 ꯗꯒꯤ 18 ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯅ, ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯅ, ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯗꯒꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯏ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯎꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯇꯥꯕ꯫ ꯃꯦꯛꯁꯤꯃꯝ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯎꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯊꯝꯕ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯥꯌꯣꯜꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯔꯥ, ꯑꯍꯧꯕ $10ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ
+$2,630$0−$500+$1,2800125250375500ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯃꯍꯩ
ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 1,000 × ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 500 · ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯨ-ꯂꯩꯃꯜ p10/p25/p75/p90, ꯑꯉꯧ-ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ 83 · ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯎꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯃꯧꯁ ꯆꯠꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ
  • p10 −$500
  • p25 −$500
  • ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ −$500
  • p75 −$500
  • p90 −$500
ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 1,000 × ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 500 · y-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ 1ꯁꯨꯕ–99ꯁꯨꯕ ꯄꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯂꯤ (ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ −$500ꯗꯒꯤ +$2,800ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ) · ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 500 · ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ $10 · ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ
ꯇꯞꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯦꯟꯗꯝ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ w ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ l ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ w − l ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ w = l ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯅ +w ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯥꯟ ꯈꯨꯕꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ w = l ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 18 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 19 ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 8 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯀꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ +1 ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤꯁꯦꯜꯇꯔꯅꯑꯣꯚꯔꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯜ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → −1/37 ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯤꯛꯋꯦꯟꯁꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯃꯍꯩ
L W1, 2+1
L L W W1, 2, 3, 2+1 + 1 = +2
L L L W1, 2, 3, 4−6 + 4 = −2
L L L L W W W1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3−10 + 12 = +2
L × 101 … 10−55
ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ-ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯅꯦꯠ +1 ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯅꯣ?

ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ D ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯔꯁꯅꯨ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (N − D²)/2 − D ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ (ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ)꯫ D = 0 ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯗꯨ +N/2 ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯀꯤ +w ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ D 4 ꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ +38 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯊꯃꯏ, D 8 ꯅ +10 ꯊꯃꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ D 10 ꯅ −10 ꯊꯃꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯅ D ꯕꯨ √N ꯔꯣꯝ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯔꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯅ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ D ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ; ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯗ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯍꯩ20 ꯗ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 1 ꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ
3762%+7−65−3.9
10059%+13−191−17.8
37050%−6−916−135
1,00037%−291−3,196−684
3,70015%−4,874−20,398−6,588
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯗꯕ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 400,000꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ 2.70% ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯣ?

ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯥ-ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ, ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯕ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯟ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯅ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ (D² − N)/2 + D ꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ D ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯛꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯍꯩ20 ꯗ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 1 ꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ
3727%−13+51−3.5
10024%−37+109−14.0
37018%−155+262−85
1,00011%−456+370−317
ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯗꯕ, ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 400,000꯫

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯡꯁꯥꯏꯛꯂꯣꯄꯦꯗꯤ (Encyclopédie) ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯇꯔ ꯖꯣꯡ ꯂꯦ ꯔꯣꯡ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ (Jean le Rond d’Alembert) ꯅ 1754 ꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯖꯨꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯖꯨꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯍꯦꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔꯅ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯥ-ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯔꯣꯂꯤꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯄꯥꯔꯣꯂꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯧꯕꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯃꯅꯥꯡꯕ; ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯄꯥꯔꯣꯂꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ (ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟꯒꯦꯜ)

ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ · ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ

$1,000ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ 2,000꯫

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ $10 · ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ $500 · ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100

ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯃꯥꯡꯕ ← | → ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ
−$1,000$0+$630
ꯕꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯃꯧꯁ ꯊꯝꯕꯤꯌꯨ · ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯕ ꯕꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ $0 ꯌꯥꯎꯏ
ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ
54.3%
ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯍꯩ
+$80
ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯃꯍꯩ
−$144.13
ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ
25.9%
5ꯁꯨꯕ ꯄꯔꯁꯦꯟꯇꯥꯏꯜ
−$1,000
ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯎꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯟ
−$680

ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯦ

ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 37 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ 19 ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤ꯫ ꯔꯣ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ
ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅ 1 / …ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ
151.4%2$1$2
226.4%4$3$3
313.5%7$6$4
47.0%14$10$5
53.6%28$15$6
61.8%55$21$7
70.94%106$28$8
80.48%207$36$9
90.25%403$45$10
100.13%784$55$11
110.065%1527$66$12
120.034%2974$78$13
130.017%5792$91$14
140.0089%11279$105$15
150.0046%21965$120$16

ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 19/37 ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ, ꯈꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ꯫ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯍꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯔꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ

ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯞꯄ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ; ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄ ꯀꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯇꯦꯕꯜꯇꯦꯕꯜꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯦꯜꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜꯁꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯀꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯀꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ

ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

  1. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 50 ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯨꯅ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯦ (ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯦꯝꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ)꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 27 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 23 ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 29 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 21 ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 27 ꯗ +13 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ, 29 ꯗ −15 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯉꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩꯗ ꯆꯠꯄꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ 28 ꯆꯪꯏ꯫

    ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ D ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ (N − D²)/2 − D꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 27 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 23 ꯗ, D = 4: (50 − 16)/2 − 4 = 17 − 4 = +13꯫ 29 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 21 ꯗ, D = 8: (50 − 64)/2 − 8 = −7 − 8 = −15꯫

    ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯕꯒꯦ: ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, s ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅ s + 1 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯠ +1 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯅ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ (N − D)/2 ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯃꯜ +(N − D)/2꯫ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ D ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 1, 2 … D ꯗ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯈꯤꯗꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ 1 + 2 + … + D = D(D + 1)/2 ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ: (N − D)/2 − D(D + 1)/2 = (N − D²)/2 − D꯫

    ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫

  2. ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 100 ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯔꯁ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯨꯅ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯗꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 52 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 48 ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 60 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 40 ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 52 ꯗ −38 ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ, 60 ꯗ +170꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ; ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅ ꯄꯤ꯫

    ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ D ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ (D² − N)/2 + D꯫

    ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 52 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 48: D = 4, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ (16 − 100)/2 + 4 = −42 + 4 = −38꯫

    ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ 60 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ 40: D = 20, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ (400 − 100)/2 + 20 = 150 + 20 = +170꯫

    ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ: ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, s ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ s + 1 ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯠ −1 ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ D ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ 1, 2 … D ꯗ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ D(D + 1)/2 ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ N ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯦꯌꯔ (N − D)/2 ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ D(D + 1)/2 − (N − D)/2 = (D² − N)/2 + D꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯧꯕ ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯅꯤ: ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯗ ꯆꯩꯔꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯏ; ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯗ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯏ꯫

ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ

ꯄꯥꯏꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯅ ꯈꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯤ꯫

ꯄꯥꯏꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯅ ꯈꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ

  1. RouletteDoc꯫ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ https://roulettedoc.com/strategy/dalembert-betting-system
  2. Roulette77꯫ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ https://roulette77.us/strategies/dalembert
  3. d’Alembert, J. “Croix ou pile.” Encyclopédie, ꯚꯣꯜꯌꯨꯝ 4, 1754꯫
  4. Ethier, S. N. The Doctrine of Chances: Probabilistic Aspects of Gambling. Springer, 2010꯫ ꯆꯦꯞꯇꯔ 13, ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ꯫
  5. Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2013.
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯐꯤꯕꯣꯅꯥꯆꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯖꯨꯌꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ: ꯗꯥꯂꯥꯝꯕꯦꯌꯔꯒ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ
ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤꯕ 2026-09-28ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ, ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯃꯦꯊꯗꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ↗ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ↗