ꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯉꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯅ ꯒꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜꯁꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤ: ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → 37 ꯗ 1 ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯒꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯕꯨꯜ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟ

ꯕꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯅꯤ, ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤ; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯣꯜꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯕꯣꯜꯔꯣꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯣꯜ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯕꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯚꯣꯔꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯇꯦꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, 18–21 mm꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → (1, 3, 6, 8), ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → (2, 4, 7, 9), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯂꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ 5 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅ 7 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯦꯠꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ/ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18, 1:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ (1 ꯗꯒꯤ 4 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ) ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ (6 ꯗꯒꯤ 9 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ), ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ 5 ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ 1/9 = 11.11% ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯟꯇꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 9 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ 8 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗ 2 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ: 10%꯫

ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯣꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯦꯠ

Epstein (2013) ꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯔꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯗ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯣꯟ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 17 ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅ 15 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ 3 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯛ ꯀꯧꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯝꯕ 9 ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ 1/17 = 5.88% ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟꯒꯤ 5.26% ꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ꯫

ꯃꯣꯟꯇꯦ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ-18: ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ-18 ꯑꯁꯤ 2014 ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯃꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯅꯔ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯀꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯛꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 1 ꯗꯒꯤ 18 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ, 0 ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 00 ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ 00 ꯗ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 18 ꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ 19 ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ 17 ꯗꯒꯤ 1, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠꯌꯨꯝꯂꯣꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ, 17:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ 8 ꯗꯒꯤ 1, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, 11:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯚꯔꯁꯥꯜ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ 5 ꯗꯒꯤ 1, ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔꯕꯦꯠꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯀꯣꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ, 8:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯅ 7 ꯗꯒꯤ 2, ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ 2 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ 1/19 = 5.26% ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ 0 ꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: 2.63%꯫

ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯀꯤꯡꯗꯃꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ

ꯄꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯣ: ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ

Realistic Games ꯀꯤ ꯄꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯜꯅ ꯄꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ 25, 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 24 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ 24 ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯄꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅ 23 ꯗꯒꯤ 1, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠꯅ 11 ꯗꯒꯤ 1, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ 1/25 = 4% ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ 0 ꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ 2% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯏ꯫ Microgaming ꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ: ꯕꯣꯜ 21 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯍꯣꯄꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, 1 ꯗꯒꯤ 10 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0 ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯒꯃꯦꯟꯠ 25 ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯌꯦꯂꯣ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ 9 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 4.76% ꯆꯪꯏ; ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯅ 2 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 4% ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯕ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ, 525 ꯗ 16 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯗ 31 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2.48% ꯈꯛꯇ ꯆꯪꯏ: ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫

ꯂꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ: ꯊꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯕ ꯂꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯗ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯆꯨꯃꯗꯕ ꯃꯉꯥꯅ ꯌꯦꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯊꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 8 ꯐꯥꯑꯣ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ 40 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯅꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ 1 ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯉꯥꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ 45 ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯅꯤ, ꯂꯦꯞꯐꯝ 45 ꯗ 10꯫ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯗ (0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 8 ꯑꯁꯪꯕ; 1, 3 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 6 ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ; 2, 4, 5 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 7 ꯑꯃꯨꯕ), ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯖꯣꯔꯗ, ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ (1–4) ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯗ (5–8), ꯏꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯃꯉꯥꯗ, ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯛ꯫ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡ “1 ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗ” ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 2.2 ꯒꯨꯝꯕ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ: 2.22% ꯗꯒꯤ 4% ꯐꯥꯑꯣ꯫

ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ: ꯃꯆꯨ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ

ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ 2008 ꯗ ꯑꯦꯠꯂꯥꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯇ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯔꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯅ 5 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ: 5.26%, ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯆꯛꯔꯗ 2.70%꯫ ꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ 0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 00 ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: 3 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ, ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯅ 3¾ ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯗ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 15.79% ꯆꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯍꯟꯊꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯂꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ

ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ; ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯦ꯫

• ꯃꯥꯄꯟꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ 11.11% ꯆꯪꯏ; 37 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯅ 2.70% ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯗ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯥꯏꯁ, ꯄꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯔꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯍꯣꯄꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯦ: ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯄꯤꯟ ꯕꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ-18 ꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯅ, ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯅꯅꯤꯌꯝꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ: ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ 1.35% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯅ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯍꯟꯊꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯂꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯒꯤ 3¾ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ 3 ꯗꯒꯤ 1꯫

ꯂꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯥꯖ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ