ꯒꯣꯟꯖꯥꯂꯣ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ: ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ
ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯅꯣꯠ ꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯒꯣꯟꯖꯥꯂꯣ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ (Gonzalo García-Pelayo, ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ 1947)ꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ 1991ꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ 200ꯗꯒꯤ 250 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2004ꯗ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯈꯤ꯫
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ
ꯒꯣꯟꯖꯥꯂꯣ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ 25 ꯖꯨꯟ 1947ꯗ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯟꯗꯂꯨꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯚꯤꯜꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ Manuela (1976) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Vivir en Sevilla (1978) ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1974ꯗ ꯒꯣꯡ (Gong) ꯀꯧꯕ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ, ꯂꯣꯂꯦ ꯏ ꯃꯥꯅꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯤꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ 150 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯟ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯏꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ: 2004ꯗ ꯕꯤꯖꯤꯅꯦꯁ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯀꯣ ꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ (Cinco Días)ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ, 0 ꯗꯒꯤ 1 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 0% ꯗꯒꯤ 100% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ: 1/37 = 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯖꯦꯛꯇ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯃꯒꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫
ꯇꯤꯝ
ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯥꯏꯇꯇ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯏꯚꯥꯟ, ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯚꯥꯅꯦꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ; ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯒꯤꯌꯦꯔꯃꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯃꯦꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯤ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯈꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯇꯤꯌꯥ (flotilla) ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ꯫
ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯐꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ; ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯆꯉꯂꯛꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯇ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈꯉꯗꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯁꯕꯃꯦꯔꯤꯟ (submarines) ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ
ꯒꯣꯟꯖꯥꯂꯣ ꯒꯥꯔꯁꯤꯌꯥ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣꯒꯤ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯕꯤꯁ ꯅꯥꯏꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠꯔꯣꯇꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯠ 37 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ, ꯀꯞ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯔꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯀꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯒꯤꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯤꯌꯦꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯂꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯈꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯛꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤ (ꯏꯚꯥꯅꯅ 6,000 ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯝꯃꯤ), ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯨꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯉꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ, ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯈꯣꯠꯂꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯇꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯅꯕ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ “ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ”ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 36ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ 35 ꯗ 1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ-ꯏꯚꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ; ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ: ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 95% ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 99.95% ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯟꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯀꯟꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯗꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯂꯦꯕꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯛꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯈꯔꯕꯨ 1/37 ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯦ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯅ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯄꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯊꯣꯏ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 28ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯈꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 35ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗ 6% ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯅꯤ; ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000ꯗ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 135 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, 11 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ꯫ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 28ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 179 ꯃꯇꯧ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯄ-ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ; ꯂꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 33ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯗ 9% ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000ꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 152 ꯃꯇꯧꯈꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯄ-ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯈꯛ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 37ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯥꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 5,000ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯅꯕꯈꯛ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ; ꯁꯤꯃꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯗ ꯀꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯅꯂꯦꯕꯀꯥꯏ-ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ n/37 ꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ꯫ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
ꯁꯦꯜ
ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ: ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ 200ꯗꯒꯤ 250 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ 1.2ꯗꯒꯤ 1.5 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ 70ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯣ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫ 2000ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣ 1,800 ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯌꯨꯔꯣ 60,000 ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ, ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯟꯈꯤ: ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯦꯂꯣꯅꯥ, ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯝꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯦꯝ, ꯀꯣꯄꯦꯟꯍꯦꯒꯟ꯫ ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯅꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ 38 ꯂꯩꯕꯗ, 35 ꯗ 1ꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯅꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯍꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯣꯔꯦꯂꯣꯗꯣꯅꯦꯁꯇ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯆꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯗꯦ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯈꯛ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯃꯒꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ; ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ 2000ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯤ: ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯊꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯆꯪꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯩ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯥꯟꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯁꯨ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯍꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯄ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯚꯤꯌꯦꯅꯥꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2012ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯟꯃꯥꯔꯀꯇ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯤ꯫
ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥ
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯇ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯦꯂꯣꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯝꯄꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯥꯔꯁꯦꯂꯣꯅꯥꯗ ꯁꯥꯟꯏ꯫
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯖꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯁꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯂꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫
ꯐꯤꯆꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ The Pelayos ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯗ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕ
ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯞꯌꯨꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯕꯗ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯃꯈꯤ: ꯃꯤꯠꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯕ, ꯁꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯆꯛꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯥꯏꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯆꯉꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯗꯦ꯫
ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ
ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯇ ꯄꯣꯀꯔ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1996ꯗ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯥꯁ ꯍꯣꯜꯗꯦꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ; 2001ꯗ ꯑꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯟꯗꯣ (El Mundo)ꯅ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯀꯥꯔꯂꯣꯁ ꯃꯣꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯦꯅꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯇꯃꯈꯤ꯫ 2004 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯣꯟꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯄꯣꯀꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯔꯠꯁ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯚꯥꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ La fabulosa historia de los Pelayos (2003) ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖ Breaking Vegasꯇ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯗꯨꯌꯥꯔꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯦꯁꯅ The Pelayos (2012) ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯈꯤ꯫
ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯕ
ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯏꯉ꯭ꯂꯤꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, “ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤ-ꯄꯦꯂꯥꯌꯣ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ” ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯃꯤ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯃꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯌꯨ ꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯈꯛ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ, ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯕꯨ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯄꯨꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ 2000ꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 2004ꯗ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯤꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯇ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯈꯤ꯫
ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯔꯦꯒꯨꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯨꯝꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫
2004ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 2.7% ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯗꯤ 6% ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯗꯇ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯉꯕ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯐꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫
ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ
ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯗ ꯀꯣꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ: ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫
ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ
- Tribunal Supremo, Sala de lo Contencioso-Administrativo.
- Hernández, J. A. “El clan de los Pelayo gana la apuesta.”
- Sampedro, J. “Los ‘tecnotahúres’ vuelven al casino.”
- Cadena SER. “Los Pelayo ya pueden entrar en el Casino de Madrid.”
- Mazo, V. “Pelayos contra el Ibex 35.”
- Semana. “El terror de la ruleta.”
- Solomita, M. “La increíble historia de Gonzalo García-Pelayo, el hombre que venció a la ruleta.”
- Wille, G. “Hicimos saltar la banca.”
- Ibáñez, Á. “La Fabulosa Historia de Los Pelayos.”
- Mazarrasa, L. ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯗ ꯄꯣꯀꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯐꯤꯆꯔ꯫
- García-Pelayo, G. “Análisis de una ruleta.”