ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁ · ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ · ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ 8

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯅꯁ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯦꯆꯞ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯅꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯆꯛꯔꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯏ꯫

ꯊꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ

ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ 46% ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ n ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ (36 − n)/37 ꯑꯣꯏ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯇ 95%, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ 49%꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤꯗꯦ; ꯀꯅꯥꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯃꯦꯆꯞ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ
ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ +45.9%
$100 ꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ
ꯃꯃꯜ $94.59
ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ
ꯃꯃꯜ $48.65
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ 50% ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 25 ꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯦ

ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ 2.70%꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯦꯜꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ 2.70%꯫ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯅꯁ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯤ: ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ →, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯨꯝꯅ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯅꯤ: ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯕꯨ ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯅꯁꯦꯜꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜ, ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ “X ꯗꯒꯤ 1” ꯍꯥꯌꯅ ꯍꯥꯌꯏ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯍꯩ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯕ꯫

ꯃꯦꯆꯞ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯀꯨꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯦꯆꯞ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ; ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫ ꯕꯣꯂꯃꯦꯟ (2024) ꯅ 2022 ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯕꯦꯠꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯃꯨꯕ, ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ/ꯖꯣꯔ, ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ/ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18, 1:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗ $50 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯃꯦꯆ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯨꯄꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → $50 ꯅ 18/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯗ $100 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 19/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯗ $50 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: ꯐꯪꯒꯗꯕ +$22.97, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ 45.9%꯫ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯤ +$21.05, 42.1%꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯕꯦꯠꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, 35:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯨꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯤꯕꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $50, ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ$50−$1.35 (−2.70%)−$2.63 (−5.26%)
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $50 ꯀꯨꯄꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ$100+$22.97 (+45.9%)+$21.05 (+42.1%)
ꯀꯨꯄꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $50 ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ, ꯌꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ$3,500+$45.95 (+91.9%)+$43.42 (+86.8%)

ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ

ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯟ-ꯅꯦꯒꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯕꯜ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯅꯝ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯤ: ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯤꯅꯝ ꯆꯤꯞꯅ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ; ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ n ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ $100 ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯅ n/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯗ (36 − n)/n × $100 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ (36 − n)/37 ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯇꯦ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯇ $94.59, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $48.65꯫ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇꯦꯕꯜꯗ ꯏꯔꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯇꯦꯕꯜ, ꯐꯦꯜꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯊ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯗꯤ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ 18/19 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ 9/10 ꯑꯣꯏ (ꯕꯣꯂꯃꯦꯟ, 2024)꯫

ꯕꯦꯠꯃꯁꯤꯡ$100 ꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ
ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ1$94.59
ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯠ2$91.89
ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ3$89.19
ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔ4$86.49
ꯁꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ6$81.08
ꯗꯖꯟ12$64.86
ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ18$48.65

ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕ

ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯕꯣꯂꯃꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁ ꯋꯔꯜꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯗꯒꯤꯅꯤ: ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ $1,000 ꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $500 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕꯗꯕꯦꯠꯑꯃꯨꯕꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯅꯣꯌꯥꯔ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → $500, 0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 00 ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ $20 ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ $500 ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ $40 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: +$460꯫ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ $700 ꯄꯤ: +$680꯫ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ $460 ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ, $471.58, ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ 99.6% ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 36 ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ $25 ꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ($900) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ $25꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ $875 ꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ $850 ꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤ, ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ 94%, ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ꯫

ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠꯇ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯖꯤꯡ

ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯌꯥꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ꯫ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯔꯕꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯊꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯂꯧꯗꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ, ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯞꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯟ (2013) ꯅ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ; ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 103 ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 25 ꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ, ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +0.51 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛ-ꯍꯣꯡꯊꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 3,600 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 882 ꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +17.25 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯅꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ 10% ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 20 ꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ, ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +0.62 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ꯫

ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯕꯦꯠꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯗ ꯃꯃꯜ
50%ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 103ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 25ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +0.51
50%ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 3,600 ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 882ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +17.25
10%ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +0.02
10%ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ-ꯑꯞꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 85ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 20ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ +0.62
ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯆꯛꯔ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯕꯥꯏꯅꯣꯃꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯀꯔꯤꯗ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯄꯤꯔꯤ: ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ, ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯒ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $50 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 17 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ $1.35 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ, $22.97 ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯔꯝꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ

ꯃꯁꯤꯡ n ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯤꯞ: ꯃꯃꯜ = ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯂꯒꯤ (36 − n)/37
ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ: EV = ꯕꯦꯠꯀꯤ (2 × 18 − 19)/37
ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ r ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ: EV = E[ꯃꯍꯩ] + r × E[ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ]

ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ

ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯔꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯅꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯗꯤ, ꯍꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯀꯁꯨ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ 2.70% ꯆꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ, ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯉꯝꯈꯩ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯔꯇꯥꯏꯖꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫

ꯔꯤꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯝ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯤꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯈꯟꯅꯅ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯣꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯕꯅꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯄꯤꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯦꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛꯁꯀꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕ

ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯊꯨꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ; ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

  1. ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ $25 ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯆꯤꯞꯁꯦꯜꯆꯤꯞꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯇꯣꯀꯟ, ꯕꯦꯠ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯂꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠꯇ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯆꯦꯛ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯊꯝꯒꯗꯒꯦ: ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯕꯦꯠꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ 18 ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ꯫ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ: ꯔꯨꯖ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯗ, ꯗꯖꯟꯕꯦꯠꯗꯖꯟ1–12, 13–24 ꯅꯠꯔꯒ 25–36, 2:1 ꯄꯦꯑꯥꯎꯠ꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯑꯃꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ $23.65; ꯗꯖꯟꯗ $16.22 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $12.16꯫

    ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ 18/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $25 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ: $12.16꯫ ꯗꯖꯟꯗ 12/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $50 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ: $16.22꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ 1/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $875 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ: $23.65꯫

    ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ n ꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ (36 − n)/37, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯇꯦ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ 36/37꯫ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅ ꯌꯥꯃꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 37 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯈꯛ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

  2. ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯆꯨꯝꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $100 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ $100?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ: ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ +$22.97 ꯈꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ +$45.95꯫

    ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ 18/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $100 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, 19/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $50 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: (1,800 − 950)/37 = +$22.97꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ 1/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $3,500 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 36/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $50 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ: (3,500 − 1,800)/37 = +$45.95꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯆꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯅꯤ꯫ $50 ꯈꯛ ꯃꯥꯡꯕ $100 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ $100 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ $50 ꯃꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ $50 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯍꯩꯗꯈꯛ ꯄꯤꯏ, ꯄꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯏ; ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 25 ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫

  3. ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯅꯈꯤꯕ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕꯗ $100 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣꯅ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯈꯥꯏ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 1, 2 ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ 3꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯦ?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ: +$31.45 ꯈꯔ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ +$22.97, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ +$20.96 ꯈꯛ꯫

    ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ: 18/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $100 ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ 19/37 ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $100 ꯃꯥꯡꯗꯨꯅ $50 ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ: +$22.97, ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ꯫

    ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ: ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ (1,369 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 324), +$200꯫ ꯑꯃꯃꯛ (ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 684), $0, ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯗꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕꯏ (ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 361), −$200, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ −$100꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ: (200 × 324 − 100 × 361)/1,369 = +$20.96꯫ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯂꯕꯗꯈꯛ ꯄꯤꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

    ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ (50,653 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 5,832): +$300꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯤ (18,468): +$100꯫ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ (19,494): −$100, ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ −$50꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (6,859): −$300, ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ −$150꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ: +$31.45꯫

    ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯛ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯏ, ꯑꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ $2.70 ꯈꯛ ꯆꯪꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 25 ꯗ +$51 ꯈꯔ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ (ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ), ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯤꯖꯣꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯖꯣꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯕ ꯄꯤ꯫

  4. ꯂꯥꯁ ꯚꯦꯒꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ: 00 ꯗ $5 ꯊꯝꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ $175 ꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ $250 ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯕꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯛꯔꯖꯤꯔꯣꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ, ꯗꯖꯟ ꯅꯠꯔꯒ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅ ꯀꯨꯞꯇꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯄꯣꯀꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇ; ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯦꯖꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ: ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ, 0꯫ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ → ꯆꯛꯔꯗ, ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ $5 ꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯌꯥ?

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯎꯠꯄ

    ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ +34% ꯈꯔ: ꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖꯗ +$1.71꯫ $250 ꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ $5 ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ, +31.6%꯫

    00 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ 38 ꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ: ꯑꯃꯨꯛ +$250, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ 37 −$5꯫ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ: (250 − 37 × 5)/38 = 65/38 = +$1.71, ꯃꯁꯤ $5 ꯒꯤ 34.2%꯫ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ: (175 − 185)/38 = −$0.26, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ −5.26%꯫

    $250 ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ $245 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯚꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ (245 − 185)/38 = +$1.58, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ 31.6%꯫

    Bollman (2024) ꯅ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯂꯛ ꯀꯦꯁꯤꯅꯣ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯎꯟꯇꯥꯎꯟ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯗ) ꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ, 7.89%, ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯦꯆꯄ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯀꯨꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯈꯛ ꯂꯩ: ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯅꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯤꯛ

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯃꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ ꯌꯨꯃꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ

  1. Bollman, M. Basic Gambling Mathematics: The Numbers Behind the Neon, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024.
  2. Epstein, R. A. The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic, 2nd ed. Academic Press, 2013.
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